//! Checking a host's transparency log on fetch (spec §14.8, oxygenhub#238).
//!
//! A host that keeps a log sends its latest checkpoint with the refs, and
//! for each bookmark's attestation its entry and an inclusion proof. This
//! user remembers, per hub, the log's key and the last checkpoint seen
//! (`<oxy home>/tlog/<hub>`): the key on first sight, then never another.
//! Each new checkpoint must extend the last one, which oxy proves from the
//! hub's public tiles (C2SP tlog-tiles); one that does not means the hub
//! showed two histories, and the fetch fails. An attestation that is not
//! in the log yet, or whose proof does not verify, is only reported while
//! the log is new (oxygenhub docs/transparency.md, decision 3).
//!
//! The witnesses that cosign a hub's checkpoints are pinned the same way
//! (`<oxy home>/tlog/<hub>.witnesses`), and give each bookmark's
//! attestation an *integrated time* (oxygenhub#240): the earliest time a
//! trusted witness cosigned a checkpoint holding it. A fetch checks
//! delegations and certificates at that time when it has one.

use super::*;
use crate::credentials::hub_of;
use crate::protocol::http_get;
use crate::tlog::{self, Checkpoint, Entry, Hash, HashReader, Integrated, Note, Tile, TlogError};
use std::cell::RefCell;

/// Tiles fetched, by level and number, with the width fetched.
type TileCache = RefCell<HashMap<(u32, u64), (Tile, Vec<u8>)>>;

/// A hub's log as its tiles serve it, for a tree of `size` entries.
struct Tiles<'a> {
    hub: &'a str,
    size: u64,
    options: &'a RemoteOptions,
    cache: TileCache,
}

impl HashReader for Tiles<'_> {
    fn read_hashes(&self, indexes: &[u64]) -> std::result::Result<Vec<Hash>, TlogError> {
        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(indexes.len());
        for &i in indexes {
            let (t, ..) = Tile::for_index(i);
            let key = (t.level, t.n);
            if !self.cache.borrow().contains_key(&key) {
                let held =
                    (self.size >> (tlog::TILE_HEIGHT * t.level)) - (t.n << tlog::TILE_HEIGHT);
                let tile = Tile {
                    width: held.min(tlog::TILE_WIDTH) as u32,
                    ..t
                };
                let data = http_get(&format!("{}/log/{}", self.hub, tile.path()), self.options)
                    .map_err(|e| TlogError::Read(e.to_string()))?;
                self.cache.borrow_mut().insert(key, (tile, data));
            }
            let cache = self.cache.borrow();
            let (tile, data) = &cache[&key];
            out.push(tile.hash_at(data, i)?);
        }
        Ok(out)
    }
}

/// What this user last saw of a hub's log.
struct Seen {
    identity: Identity,
    checkpoint: Checkpoint,
}

fn file_name(hub: &str) -> String {
    hub.chars()
        .map(|c| {
            if c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '.' || c == '-' {
                c
            } else {
                '_'
            }
        })
        .collect()
}

impl Repo {
    fn tlog_file(&self, hub: &str) -> PathBuf {
        self.user_config
            .parent()
            .map(Path::to_path_buf)
            .unwrap_or_else(default_home)
            .join("tlog")
            .join(file_name(hub))
    }

    fn seen_log(&self, hub: &str) -> Option<Seen> {
        let text = fs::read_to_string(self.tlog_file(hub)).ok()?;
        let (key, note) = text.split_once('\n')?;
        let identity = Identity::decode(&crate::dsse::base64_decode(key)?).ok()?;
        let note = Note::parse(note).ok()?;
        Some(Seen {
            checkpoint: Checkpoint::parse(&note.text).ok()?,
            identity,
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn remember_log(&self, hub: &str, identity: &Identity, note: &Note) -> Result<()> {
        let path = self.tlog_file(hub);
        if let Some(dir) = path.parent() {
            fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
        }
        let text = format!(
            "{}\n{}",
            crate::dsse::base64(&identity.encode()),
            note.encode()
        );
        crate::durable::write_atomic(&path, text.as_bytes())?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Take a checkpoint note `text` from `hub` as the newest seen, once it
    /// verifies with the hub's pinned log key and extends the last one
    /// seen. `Err` when the hub showed two histories; `Ok(Err(why))` when
    /// it could not be checked (the last one seen is kept).
    pub(crate) fn accept_checkpoint(
        &self,
        hub: &str,
        text: &str,
        options: &RemoteOptions,
    ) -> Result<std::result::Result<Accepted, String>> {
        let unchecked = |why: String| Ok(Err(why));
        let note = match Note::parse(text) {
            Ok(n) => n,
            Err(e) => return unchecked(e.to_string()),
        };
        let cp = match Checkpoint::parse(&note.text) {
            Ok(c) => c,
            Err(e) => return unchecked(e.to_string()),
        };
        let fetch_key = || {
            http_get(&format!("{hub}/.well-known/oxyhub-key"), options)
                .and_then(|b| Ok(Identity::decode(&b)?))
        };
        let mut notes = Vec::new();
        let mut seen = self.seen_log(hub);
        let mut identity = match &seen {
            Some(s) => s.identity.clone(),
            None => match fetch_key() {
                Ok(i) => i,
                Err(e) => return unchecked(format!("its key could not be fetched ({e})")),
            },
        };
        if let Err(e) = note.verify(&cp.origin, &identity) {
            // Signed by another key than the one pinned: a hub given a new
            // key, or one starting another log. Not proof of a fork, so a
            // loud note while logs are new (decision 3), and the new key is
            // pinned; a fork under one key is what fails.
            let Some(old) = &seen else {
                return unchecked(e.to_string());
            };
            match fetch_key() {
                Ok(new) if note.verify(&cp.origin, &new).is_ok() => {
                    notes.push(format!(
                        "{hub}'s log is signed by another key than before ({} now, {} then): if its operator did not announce a new key, it may be showing others a different log",
                        new.hash().short(12),
                        old.identity.hash().short(12)
                    ));
                    identity = new;
                    seen = None;
                }
                _ => return unchecked(format!("its checkpoint does not verify ({e})")),
            }
        }
        let two = |why: String| {
            fail(format!(
                "{hub} showed two histories: {why}. Do not trust what it serves; tell its operator. \
                 (What this user saw of its log is in {}.)",
                self.tlog_file(hub).display()
            ))
        };
        if let Some(s) = &seen {
            let old = &s.checkpoint;
            if old.origin != cp.origin {
                // A hub moved to another name keeps its key: a new log as
                // far as this user can tell, said so.
                notes.push(format!(
                    "{hub}'s log is now {}, not {}: checking it afresh",
                    cp.origin, old.origin
                ));
            } else if cp.size < old.size {
                return two(format!(
                    "its log has {} entries, fewer than the {} it showed before",
                    cp.size, old.size
                ));
            } else if cp.size == old.size && cp.root != old.root {
                return two(format!("two different logs of {} entries", cp.size));
            } else if cp.size > old.size && old.size > 0 {
                let tiles = Tiles {
                    hub,
                    size: cp.size,
                    options,
                    cache: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
                };
                match tlog::prove_consistency(cp.size, old.size, &tiles).and_then(|p| {
                    tlog::check_consistency(&p, cp.size, &cp.root, old.size, &old.root)
                }) {
                    Ok(()) => {}
                    Err(TlogError::ProofFailed) | Err(TlogError::BadIndex(_)) => {
                        return two(format!(
                            "its log of {} entries does not extend the one of {} it showed before",
                            cp.size, old.size
                        ))
                    }
                    // Keep the older checkpoint: the next fetch tries again.
                    Err(e) => return unchecked(format!("its tiles could not be read ({e})")),
                }
            }
        }
        self.remember_log(hub, &identity, &note)?;
        Ok(Ok(Accepted {
            checkpoint: cp,
            identity,
            note,
            notes,
        }))
    }

    fn witnesses_file(&self, hub: &str) -> PathBuf {
        let mut p = self.tlog_file(hub);
        p.set_file_name(format!("{}.witnesses", file_name(hub)));
        p
    }

    /// The witnesses this user pinned for `hub`: each one's name in
    /// cosignatures and its identity.
    pub(crate) fn pinned_witnesses(&self, hub: &str) -> Vec<(String, Identity)> {
        let Ok(text) = fs::read_to_string(self.witnesses_file(hub)) else {
            return vec![];
        };
        text.lines()
            .filter_map(|l| {
                let (name, key) = l.split_once(' ')?;
                let id = Identity::decode(&crate::dsse::base64_decode(key)?).ok()?;
                Some((name.to_string(), id))
            })
            .collect()
    }

    /// Pin the witnesses `hub` lists (name and identity bytes), as its log
    /// key is pinned: on first sight silently, later with a note for a
    /// witness that is new or has another key than before. A witness the
    /// hub no longer lists stays pinned. Returns every pinned witness.
    pub(crate) fn pin_witnesses(
        &self,
        hub: &str,
        listed: &[(String, Vec<u8>)],
        notes: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> Result<Vec<(String, Identity)>> {
        let path = self.witnesses_file(hub);
        let first = !path.exists();
        let mut pinned = self.pinned_witnesses(hub);
        let mut changed = false;
        for (name, bytes) in listed {
            if name.is_empty() || name.contains(char::is_whitespace) {
                notes.push(format!(
                    "{hub} lists a witness named {name:?}, which cannot name one"
                ));
                continue;
            }
            let Ok(id) = Identity::decode(bytes) else {
                notes.push(format!(
                    "{hub} lists witness {name} with a key that does not decode"
                ));
                continue;
            };
            match pinned.iter_mut().find(|(n, _)| n == name) {
                Some((_, old)) if old.hash() == id.hash() => {}
                Some((_, old)) => {
                    notes.push(format!(
                        "{hub}'s witness {name} has another key than before ({} now, {} then): if its operator did not announce one, {hub} may be naming a witness of its own",
                        id.hash().short(12),
                        old.hash().short(12)
                    ));
                    *old = id;
                    changed = true;
                }
                None => {
                    if !first {
                        notes.push(format!(
                            "{hub} is now cosigned by witness {name} (key {}), trusted from now on",
                            id.hash().short(12)
                        ));
                    }
                    pinned.push((name.clone(), id));
                    changed = true;
                }
            }
        }
        if changed {
            if let Some(dir) = path.parent() {
                fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
            }
            let text: String = pinned
                .iter()
                .map(|(n, id)| format!("{n} {}\n", crate::dsse::base64(&id.encode())))
                .collect();
            crate::durable::write_atomic(&path, text.as_bytes())?;
        }
        Ok(pinned)
    }

    /// Check what a refs answer from `url` says about its host's log, and
    /// read each bookmark attestation's integrated time. Fails only when
    /// the host showed two histories under one key; everything else is a
    /// note.
    pub(crate) fn check_log(
        &self,
        url: &str,
        ca: Option<&Path>,
        resp: &RefsResponse,
    ) -> Result<LogCheck> {
        let mut out = LogCheck::default();
        let (Some(text), Some(hub)) = (&resp.log, hub_of(url)) else {
            return Ok(out);
        };
        out.kept = true;
        let options = RemoteOptions {
            ca: ca.map(Path::to_path_buf),
            ..RemoteOptions::default()
        };
        let accepted = match self.accept_checkpoint(&hub, text, &options)? {
            Ok(c) => c,
            Err(why) => {
                out.notes
                    .push(format!("{hub}'s transparency log was not checked: {why}"));
                out.unchecked = Some(why);
                return Ok(out);
            }
        };
        let cp = &accepted.checkpoint;
        out.notes.extend(accepted.notes.iter().cloned());
        let witnesses = self.pin_witnesses(&hub, &resp.witnesses, &mut out.notes)?;
        let mut missing = 0;
        for r in &resp.refs {
            let Some(a) = &r.attestation else { continue };
            let Some(l) = &r.logged else {
                missing += 1;
                out.times
                    .insert(r.name.clone(), Err("it is not in the log yet".into()));
                continue;
            };
            let fits = Entry::decode(&l.entry).is_ok_and(|e| {
                e.kind == "ref" && e.object == a.attest.hash() && e.repo == a.attest.repo
            });
            let included = fits
                && tlog::check_inclusion(
                    &l.proof,
                    cp.size,
                    &cp.root,
                    l.index,
                    &tlog::leaf_hash(&l.entry),
                )
                .is_ok();
            if !included {
                out.notes.push(format!(
                    "{hub}'s log entry {} for {} does not prove its attestation is in the log",
                    l.index, r.name
                ));
            }
            let time = if !fits {
                Err("its log entry is not its attestation's".to_string())
            } else if witnesses.is_empty() {
                Err(format!("{hub} names no witness"))
            } else {
                let cosigned: Vec<(&str, &[Hash])> = r
                    .integration
                    .iter()
                    .map(|i| (i.note.as_str(), i.proof.as_slice()))
                    .collect();
                tlog::integrated_time(
                    &l.entry,
                    l.index,
                    &cosigned,
                    &cp.origin,
                    &accepted.identity,
                    &witnesses,
                )
            };
            out.times.insert(r.name.clone(), time);
        }
        if missing > 0 {
            out.notes.push(format!(
                "{} of {hub}'s attestations {} not in its transparency log yet (logged within seconds of a push; checked on a later fetch)",
                missing,
                if missing == 1 { "is" } else { "are" }
            ));
        }
        Ok(out)
    }
}

/// A checkpoint `accept_checkpoint` took: the checkpoint, the log key it
/// verified with, its note as served, and what accepting it noted.
pub(crate) struct Accepted {
    pub checkpoint: Checkpoint,
    pub identity: Identity,
    pub note: Note,
    pub notes: Vec<String>,
}

/// What a refs answer said about its host's log.
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub(crate) struct LogCheck {
    /// Whether the host keeps a log (it sent a checkpoint).
    pub kept: bool,
    /// Why the log could not be checked, when it could not.
    pub unchecked: Option<String>,
    pub notes: Vec<String>,
    /// Each attested bookmark's integrated time, or why it has none.
    pub times: HashMap<String, std::result::Result<Integrated, String>>,
}

impl LogCheck {
    /// Bookmark `name`'s integrated time, or why there is none.
    pub fn time_of(&self, name: &str) -> std::result::Result<&Integrated, String> {
        if let Some(why) = &self.unchecked {
            return Err(format!("its host's log was not checked ({why})"));
        }
        if !self.kept {
            return Err("its host keeps no transparency log".into());
        }
        match self.times.get(name) {
            Some(Ok(i)) => Ok(i),
            Some(Err(why)) => Err(why.clone()),
            None => Err("it has no log entry".into()),
        }
    }
}

/// How a check that depends on when an attestation was signed came out
/// (spec §14.8, *Integrated time*).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub(crate) enum Timed {
    /// Passed at the integrated time.
    Integrated,
    /// No integrated time: passed by the earlier rule (the issuer's
    /// acceptance, else the attestation's own time).
    Fallback,
    /// Failed at the integrated time but passed by the earlier rule:
    /// accepted with a note while logs are new.
    Disagrees,
    /// Failed.
    Refused,
}

/// Judge a check (`at`, made at a time in milliseconds) at the integrated
/// time when there is one, else by the earlier rule (`before`).
pub(crate) fn judge(
    integrated: Option<u64>,
    at: impl Fn(u64) -> bool,
    before: impl FnOnce() -> bool,
) -> Timed {
    match integrated {
        Some(t) if at(t) => Timed::Integrated,
        Some(_) => {
            if before() {
                Timed::Disagrees
            } else {
                Timed::Refused
            }
        }
        None => {
            if before() {
                Timed::Fallback
            } else {
                Timed::Refused
            }
        }
    }
}

/// A note when an attestation's claimed time (`claimed`, its own clock)
/// is more than `tlog::TIME_TOLERANCE_MS` from its integrated time.
pub(crate) fn gap_note(claimed: u64, integrated: &Integrated) -> Option<String> {
    let t = integrated.ms();
    let minutes = |d: u64| d.div_ceil(60_000);
    if claimed.saturating_add(tlog::TIME_TOLERANCE_MS) < t {
        Some(format!(
            "claims to be from {} minutes before witness {} first saw it: backdated, held back before it was logged, or signed on a slow clock",
            minutes(t - claimed),
            integrated.witness
        ))
    } else if claimed > t.saturating_add(tlog::TIME_TOLERANCE_MS) {
        Some(format!(
            "claims to be from {} minutes after witness {} saw it: signed on a fast clock",
            minutes(claimed - t),
            integrated.witness
        ))
    } else {
        None
    }
}

/// A hub's whole log, checked (`oxy tlog verify`).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct LogAudit {
    pub hub: String,
    pub checkpoint: Checkpoint,
    /// Every entry, numbered from 0.
    pub entries: Vec<Entry>,
    /// What accepting the checkpoint noted (a new log key, a new name).
    pub notes: Vec<String>,
    /// The trusted witnesses that cosigned the checkpoint, with their
    /// times in seconds, earliest first.
    pub witnessed: Vec<(String, u64)>,
}

impl Repo {
    /// Fetch the log of `url`'s hub whole: its checkpoint, accepted as a
    /// fetch accepts one, and every entry bundle, whose entries must make
    /// the root the checkpoint signs.
    pub fn audit_log(&self, url: &str, ca: Option<&Path>) -> Result<LogAudit> {
        let hub =
            hub_of(url).ok_or_else(|| RepoError::Msg(format!("{url} is not a hub's address")))?;
        let options = RemoteOptions {
            ca: ca.map(Path::to_path_buf),
            ..RemoteOptions::default()
        };
        let tl = |e: TlogError| RepoError::Msg(e.to_string());
        let text = String::from_utf8(http_get(&format!("{hub}/log/checkpoint"), &options)?)
            .map_err(|_| RepoError::Msg(format!("{hub}'s checkpoint is not text")))?;
        let accepted = match self.accept_checkpoint(&hub, &text, &options)? {
            Ok(c) => c,
            Err(why) => return fail(format!("{hub}'s log could not be checked: {why}")),
        };
        let mut notes = accepted.notes;
        // The witnesses it names (one `<name> <base64 identity>` line
        // each), pinned as a fetch pins them; a hub that does not list
        // them leaves those pinned before.
        let listed: Vec<(String, Vec<u8>)> = http_get(&format!("{hub}/log/witnesses"), &options)
            .ok()
            .and_then(|b| String::from_utf8(b).ok())
            .map(|t| {
                t.lines()
                    .filter_map(|l| {
                        let (n, k) = l.split_once(' ')?;
                        Some((n.to_string(), crate::dsse::base64_decode(k.trim())?))
                    })
                    .collect()
            })
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let witnesses = self.pin_witnesses(&hub, &listed, &mut notes)?;
        let mut witnessed = accepted.note.cosignatures(&witnesses);
        witnessed.sort_by_key(|(_, t)| *t);
        let cp = accepted.checkpoint;
        let mut entries = Vec::with_capacity(cp.size as usize);
        let mut stored: Vec<Hash> = Vec::new();
        let mut n = 0u64;
        while n < cp.size {
            let t = Tile {
                level: 0,
                n: n >> tlog::TILE_HEIGHT,
                width: (cp.size - n).min(tlog::TILE_WIDTH) as u32,
            };
            let bytes = http_get(&format!("{hub}/log/{}", t.entries_path()), &options)?;
            let bundle = tlog::decode_bundle(&bytes).map_err(tl)?;
            if bundle.len() != t.width as usize {
                return fail(format!(
                    "{hub}'s entry bundle {} holds {} entries, not {}",
                    t.entries_path(),
                    bundle.len(),
                    t.width
                ));
            }
            for b in bundle {
                let add =
                    tlog::stored_hashes_for_leaf(n, tlog::leaf_hash(&b), &stored).map_err(tl)?;
                stored.extend(add);
                entries.push(Entry::decode(&b).map_err(tl)?);
                n += 1;
            }
        }
        if tlog::tree_hash(cp.size, &stored).map_err(tl)? != cp.root {
            return fail(format!(
                "{hub} serves entries that do not make the root it signed for {} entries: its log is not the one it attests",
                cp.size
            ));
        }
        Ok(LogAudit {
            hub,
            checkpoint: cp,
            entries,
            notes,
            witnessed,
        })
    }
}