//! Certificates for short-lived keys (spec §14.7, oxygenhub#241,
//! oxygenhub docs/keyless.md). An issuer, a hub's key, binds a fresh key
//! to the identity that proved itself (an OIDC subject) for minutes: a Flow
//! job or an agent signs with that key and throws it away. The certificate
//! is signed with the issuer's composite key, so it is post-quantum like
//! every other signature in Oxygen.
//!
//! Whether to trust an issuer, and for which subjects, is the trust
//! policy's (§14.5); whether a signature was made inside the certificate's
//! window needs time the signer does not choose, which the caller passes
//! in (the transparency log's integrated time, §14.8, else a host's
//! acceptance).

use crate::cbor::{self, Value};
use crate::hash::{hash_object, KeyId, ObjectRef, ObjectType};
use crate::identity::{verify, Domain, Identity, Scope, SecretKey, Signature};
use crate::objects::{array, bytes, check_version, field, map, oref, text, uint, ObjectError};

/// The longest a certificate may be valid. Jobs get ten minutes; an hour
/// leaves room for an issuer that rounds up, and no more.
pub const MAX_LIFETIME_MS: u64 = 60 * 60 * 1000;

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Certificate {
    /// The short-lived key's public identity.
    pub key: Identity,
    /// The issuer's KeyId (a hub's key).
    pub issuer: KeyId,
    /// Who proved it: `repo:OWNER/NAME:bookmark:B`, `agent:NAME@ACCOUNT`.
    pub subject: String,
    /// What else the proof said (environment, run, job), sorted by name.
    pub claims: Vec<(String, String)>,
    /// What the key may sign: changes, refs, seals.
    pub scope: Scope,
    /// Valid from and until, in wall milliseconds.
    pub not_before: u64,
    pub expires: u64,
    /// The grant that lets the subject act for an author, when an agent
    /// asked with one (field 8, only when present).
    pub grant: Option<SignedGrant>,
}

impl Certificate {
    pub fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
        let mut claims = self.claims.clone();
        claims.sort();
        let mut v = Value::map([
            (0, Value::Uint(1)),
            (1, Value::Bytes(self.key.encode())),
            (2, Value::Bytes(self.issuer.0.to_vec())),
            (3, Value::Text(self.subject.clone())),
            (
                4,
                Value::Array(
                    claims
                        .into_iter()
                        .map(|(k, v)| Value::Array(vec![Value::Text(k), Value::Text(v)]))
                        .collect(),
                ),
            ),
            (
                5,
                Value::Array(
                    self.scope
                        .names()
                        .into_iter()
                        .map(|n| Value::Text(n.to_string()))
                        .collect(),
                ),
            ),
            (6, Value::Uint(self.not_before)),
            (7, Value::Uint(self.expires)),
        ]);
        if let (Some(g), Value::Map(m)) = (&self.grant, &mut v) {
            m.insert(8, Value::Bytes(g.encode()));
        }
        v
    }

    pub fn encode(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        cbor::encode(&self.to_value())
    }

    pub fn hash(&self) -> ObjectRef {
        hash_object(ObjectType::Certificate, &self.encode())
    }

    /// The short-lived key's KeyId: what its signatures name.
    pub fn key_id(&self) -> KeyId {
        self.key.hash()
    }

    pub fn decode(b: &[u8]) -> Result<Certificate, ObjectError> {
        let v = cbor::decode(b)?;
        let m = map(&v, "certificate")?;
        check_version(m)?;
        let key = Identity::decode(bytes(field(m, 1, "key")?, "key")?)?;
        let mut claims = Vec::new();
        for c in array(field(m, 4, "claims")?, "claims")? {
            let pair = array(c, "claim")?;
            if pair.len() != 2 {
                return Err(ObjectError::Schema("claim: expected [name, value]".into()));
            }
            claims.push((
                text(&pair[0], "claim name")?.to_owned(),
                text(&pair[1], "claim value")?.to_owned(),
            ));
        }
        let mut scope = Scope::NONE;
        for n in array(field(m, 5, "scope")?, "scope")? {
            let n = text(n, "scope")?;
            scope = scope
                | Scope::named(n).ok_or_else(|| {
                    ObjectError::Schema(format!("certificate: unknown scope {n:?}"))
                })?;
        }
        Ok(Certificate {
            key,
            issuer: oref(field(m, 2, "issuer")?, "issuer")?,
            subject: text(field(m, 3, "subject")?, "subject")?.to_owned(),
            claims,
            scope,
            not_before: uint(field(m, 6, "not_before")?, "not_before")?,
            expires: uint(field(m, 7, "expires")?, "expires")?,
            grant: match m.get(&8) {
                Some(g) => Some(
                    SignedGrant::decode(bytes(g, "grant")?)
                        .map_err(|e| ObjectError::Schema(format!("grant: {e}")))?,
                ),
                None => None,
            },
        })
    }

    /// Whether the key may sign within `scope` at `at_ms`, a time the
    /// signer did not choose.
    pub fn covers(&self, scope: Scope, at_ms: u64) -> bool {
        !scope.is_empty()
            && self.scope.has(scope)
            && self.not_before <= at_ms
            && at_ms <= self.expires
    }

    /// The claim called `name`, if the certificate has one.
    pub fn claim(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str> {
        self.claims
            .iter()
            .find(|(k, _)| k == name)
            .map(|(_, v)| v.as_str())
    }
}

/// An author's grant (spec §14.7): it lets the keys an issuer certifies
/// for `subject` act for the author, as a delegate does, without a key of
/// their own. An agent's fresh keys then sign and seal changes in the
/// author's name while the grant lasts; the grant travels inside their
/// certificates, so a verifier needs nothing else. Signed by the author.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Grant {
    /// The author's KeyId, which signs the grant.
    pub grantor: KeyId,
    /// The subject whose certified keys act for it: `agent:NAME@ACCOUNT`.
    pub subject: String,
    /// The issuer whose certificates count.
    pub issuer: KeyId,
    /// What they may do for the author: changes, seal.
    pub scope: Scope,
    /// Valid from and until, in wall milliseconds.
    pub not_before: u64,
    pub expires: u64,
}

impl Grant {
    pub fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
        Value::map([
            (0, Value::Uint(1)),
            (1, Value::Bytes(self.grantor.0.to_vec())),
            (2, Value::Text(self.subject.clone())),
            (3, Value::Bytes(self.issuer.0.to_vec())),
            (
                4,
                Value::Array(
                    self.scope
                        .names()
                        .into_iter()
                        .map(|n| Value::Text(n.to_string()))
                        .collect(),
                ),
            ),
            (5, Value::Uint(self.not_before)),
            (6, Value::Uint(self.expires)),
        ])
    }

    pub fn encode(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        cbor::encode(&self.to_value())
    }

    pub fn hash(&self) -> ObjectRef {
        hash_object(ObjectType::Grant, &self.encode())
    }

    pub fn decode(b: &[u8]) -> Result<Grant, ObjectError> {
        let v = cbor::decode(b)?;
        let m = map(&v, "grant")?;
        check_version(m)?;
        let mut scope = Scope::NONE;
        for n in array(field(m, 4, "scope")?, "scope")? {
            let n = text(n, "scope")?;
            scope = scope
                | Scope::named(n)
                    .ok_or_else(|| ObjectError::Schema(format!("grant: unknown scope {n:?}")))?;
        }
        Ok(Grant {
            grantor: oref(field(m, 1, "grantor")?, "grantor")?,
            subject: text(field(m, 2, "subject")?, "subject")?.to_owned(),
            issuer: oref(field(m, 3, "issuer")?, "issuer")?,
            scope,
            not_before: uint(field(m, 5, "not_before")?, "not_before")?,
            expires: uint(field(m, 6, "expires")?, "expires")?,
        })
    }

    /// Whether it lets its subject do `scope` for the author at `at_ms`
    /// (the change's own time, as for a delegation).
    pub fn covers(&self, scope: Scope, at_ms: u64) -> bool {
        !scope.is_empty()
            && self.scope.has(scope)
            && self.not_before <= at_ms
            && at_ms <= self.expires
    }
}

/// A grant with its author's signature over its ObjectRef.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SignedGrant {
    pub grant: Grant,
    pub sig: Signature,
}

impl SignedGrant {
    /// Grant `grant`, signed by the author `grantor` holds the secret of.
    pub fn sign(grant: Grant, grantor: &Identity, sk: &SecretKey) -> SignedGrant {
        let sig = sk.sign(Domain::Grant, &grantor.hash(), &grant.hash());
        SignedGrant { grant, sig }
    }

    /// Signed by `grantor`, which it names, and well formed.
    pub fn verify(&self, grantor: &Identity) -> Result<(), CertError> {
        let g = &self.grant;
        if grantor.hash() != g.grantor || self.sig.key != g.grantor {
            return Err(CertError::WrongIssuer(g.grantor.short(12)));
        }
        verify(grantor, &self.sig, Domain::Grant, &g.hash())
            .map_err(|e| CertError::BadSignature(e.to_string()))?;
        if g.expires <= g.not_before {
            return Err(CertError::BadLifetime);
        }
        if g.scope.is_empty() {
            return Err(CertError::NoScope);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// `[grant bytes, signature]`.
    pub fn encode(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        cbor::encode(&Value::Array(vec![
            Value::Bytes(self.grant.encode()),
            self.sig.to_value(),
        ]))
    }

    pub fn decode(b: &[u8]) -> Result<SignedGrant, CertError> {
        let v = cbor::decode(b).map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
        let a = array(&v, "signed grant")?;
        if a.len() != 2 {
            return Err(CertError::Schema(
                "signed grant: expected [grant, signature]".into(),
            ));
        }
        Ok(SignedGrant {
            grant: Grant::decode(bytes(&a[0], "grant")?)?,
            sig: Signature::from_value(&a[1])?,
        })
    }
}

/// What a fresh key signs (a challenge, §14.3) to show its holder asks for
/// the certificate: bound to the credential it is asked with, so the
/// proof cannot be replayed with another.
pub fn certify_challenge(credential: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut c = b"oxy1 certify ".to_vec();
    c.extend_from_slice(blake3::hash(credential.as_bytes()).as_bytes());
    c
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
pub enum CertError {
    #[error("the certificate names issuer {0}, not this one")]
    WrongIssuer(String),
    #[error("the issuer's signature does not verify: {0}")]
    BadSignature(String),
    #[error("the certificate is valid for no time, or for longer than an hour")]
    BadLifetime,
    #[error("the certificate gives no scope")]
    NoScope,
    #[error("{0}")]
    Schema(String),
}

impl From<ObjectError> for CertError {
    fn from(e: ObjectError) -> Self {
        CertError::Schema(e.to_string())
    }
}

/// A certificate with its issuer's signature over its ObjectRef.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SignedCertificate {
    pub cert: Certificate,
    pub sig: Signature,
}

impl SignedCertificate {
    /// Issue `cert`, signed by the issuer `issuer` holds the secret of.
    pub fn sign(mut cert: Certificate, issuer: &Identity, sk: &SecretKey) -> SignedCertificate {
        // Claims in their canonical order, as encoded.
        cert.claims.sort();
        let sig = sk.sign(Domain::Certificate, &issuer.hash(), &cert.hash());
        SignedCertificate { cert, sig }
    }

    /// Signed by `issuer`, which it names, and well formed. Whether to
    /// trust the issuer for its subject is the policy's question.
    pub fn verify(&self, issuer: &Identity) -> Result<(), CertError> {
        let c = &self.cert;
        if issuer.hash() != c.issuer || self.sig.key != c.issuer {
            return Err(CertError::WrongIssuer(c.issuer.short(12)));
        }
        verify(issuer, &self.sig, Domain::Certificate, &c.hash())
            .map_err(|e| CertError::BadSignature(e.to_string()))?;
        if c.expires <= c.not_before || c.expires - c.not_before > MAX_LIFETIME_MS {
            return Err(CertError::BadLifetime);
        }
        if c.scope.is_empty() {
            return Err(CertError::NoScope);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// `[certificate bytes, signature]`.
    pub fn encode(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        cbor::encode(&Value::Array(vec![
            Value::Bytes(self.cert.encode()),
            self.sig.to_value(),
        ]))
    }

    pub fn decode(b: &[u8]) -> Result<SignedCertificate, CertError> {
        let v = cbor::decode(b).map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
        let a = array(&v, "signed certificate")?;
        if a.len() != 2 {
            return Err(CertError::Schema(
                "signed certificate: expected [certificate, signature]".into(),
            ));
        }
        Ok(SignedCertificate {
            cert: Certificate::decode(bytes(&a[0], "certificate")?)?,
            sig: Signature::from_value(&a[1])?,
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn issue(
        issuer_sk: &SecretKey,
        issuer: &Identity,
        minutes: u64,
    ) -> (SecretKey, SignedCertificate) {
        let job_sk = SecretKey::generate();
        let cert = Certificate {
            key: job_sk.identity("job 12 build", "flow@oxygenhub.io", 1_000),
            issuer: issuer.hash(),
            subject: "repo:andy/demo:bookmark:main".into(),
            claims: vec![
                ("run".into(), "12".into()),
                ("environment".into(), "prod".into()),
            ],
            scope: Scope::CHANGES | Scope::REFS,
            not_before: 1_000,
            expires: 1_000 + minutes * 60_000,
            grant: None,
        };
        (job_sk, SignedCertificate::sign(cert, issuer, issuer_sk))
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_certificate_round_trips_and_verifies_with_its_issuer_only() {
        let hub_sk = SecretKey::generate();
        let hub = hub_sk.identity("oxygenhub.io", "hub@oxygenhub.io", 1);
        let (_, sc) = issue(&hub_sk, &hub, 10);
        let back = SignedCertificate::decode(&sc.encode()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(back, sc);
        assert_eq!(back.cert.claims[0].0, "environment", "claims kept sorted");
        assert_eq!(back.cert.claim("run"), Some("12"));
        assert!(back.verify(&hub).is_ok());
        let other_sk = SecretKey::generate();
        let other = other_sk.identity("elsewhere", "x@example.org", 1);
        assert!(matches!(
            back.verify(&other),
            Err(CertError::WrongIssuer(_))
        ));
        // Changed after signing: the signature no longer covers it.
        let mut forged = back.clone();
        forged.cert.subject = "repo:andy/demo:bookmark:release".into();
        assert!(matches!(
            forged.verify(&hub),
            Err(CertError::BadSignature(_))
        ));
        // Signed by another key in the issuer's name.
        let mut stolen = back.clone();
        stolen.sig = other_sk.sign(Domain::Certificate, &hub.hash(), &back.cert.hash());
        assert!(matches!(
            stolen.verify(&hub),
            Err(CertError::BadSignature(_))
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_grant_rides_in_its_certificate_and_verifies_with_its_author_only() {
        let hub_sk = SecretKey::generate();
        let hub = hub_sk.identity("oxygenhub.io", "hub@oxygenhub.io", 1);
        let ada_sk = SecretKey::generate();
        let ada = ada_sk.identity("Ada", "ada@example.org", 1);
        let g = SignedGrant::sign(
            Grant {
                grantor: ada.hash(),
                subject: "agent:claude@ada".into(),
                issuer: hub.hash(),
                scope: Scope::CHANGES | Scope::SEAL,
                not_before: 1_000,
                expires: 2_000,
            },
            &ada,
            &ada_sk,
        );
        assert!(g.verify(&ada).is_ok());
        assert!(g.verify(&hub).is_err(), "only its author's");
        assert!(g.grant.covers(Scope::SEAL, 1_500));
        assert!(!g.grant.covers(Scope::REFS, 1_500));
        assert!(!g.grant.covers(Scope::SEAL, 2_001));
        let (_, plain) = issue(&hub_sk, &hub, 10);
        assert!(
            !matches!(cbor::decode(&plain.cert.encode()).unwrap(), Value::Map(m) if m.contains_key(&8)),
            "no grant, no field 8"
        );
        let mut with = plain.cert.clone();
        with.grant = Some(g.clone());
        let sc = SignedCertificate::sign(with, &hub, &hub_sk);
        let back = SignedCertificate::decode(&sc.encode()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(back.cert.grant, Some(g));
        assert!(back.verify(&hub).is_ok());
        assert_ne!(back.cert.hash(), plain.cert.hash());
    }

    #[test]
    fn it_covers_its_scope_and_window_only() {
        let hub_sk = SecretKey::generate();
        let hub = hub_sk.identity("oxygenhub.io", "hub@oxygenhub.io", 1);
        let (_, sc) = issue(&hub_sk, &hub, 10);
        let c = &sc.cert;
        assert!(c.covers(Scope::CHANGES, 1_000) && c.covers(Scope::REFS, 1_000 + 10 * 60_000));
        assert!(!c.covers(Scope::SEAL, 2_000), "not a scope it gives");
        assert!(!c.covers(Scope::CHANGES, 999), "before it");
        assert!(
            !c.covers(Scope::CHANGES, 1_000 + 10 * 60_000 + 1),
            "after it"
        );
        assert!(!c.covers(Scope::NONE, 2_000));
        let (_, long) = issue(&hub_sk, &hub, 61);
        assert_eq!(long.verify(&hub), Err(CertError::BadLifetime));
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_proof_of_possession_is_bound_to_its_credential() {
        let sk = SecretKey::generate();
        let id = sk.identity("job", "flow@oxygenhub.io", 1);
        let proof = sk
            .sign_challenge(&id.hash(), &certify_challenge("flowjob_aaa"))
            .unwrap();
        assert!(
            crate::identity::verify_challenge(&id, &proof, &certify_challenge("flowjob_aaa"))
                .is_ok()
        );
        assert!(
            crate::identity::verify_challenge(&id, &proof, &certify_challenge("flowjob_bbb"))
                .is_err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_signature_by_the_short_lived_key_names_it() {
        let hub_sk = SecretKey::generate();
        let hub = hub_sk.identity("oxygenhub.io", "hub@oxygenhub.io", 1);
        let (job_sk, sc) = issue(&hub_sk, &hub, 10);
        let target = ObjectRef([5; 32]);
        let sig = job_sk.sign(Domain::Change, &sc.cert.key_id(), &target);
        assert_eq!(sig.key, sc.cert.key_id());
        assert!(verify(&sc.cert.key, &sig, Domain::Change, &target).is_ok());
    }
}