//! PID 1 of a job's microVM (docs/m0.md §2). It mounts the read-only

//! rootfs and the workspace, runs the job's argv as an unprivileged user

//! with exactly the job's environment, frames the output on the serial

//! console for the host, and powers off. It never decides anything the

//! host has not: the job comes from `/job.json` in the initramfs the host

//! built, and the host enforces the time limit.

//!

//! Frames, one per line on the console: `\x1eO ` stdout, `\x1eE ` stderr,

//! `\x1eX <code>` the exit code (128 + signal when killed), `\x1eF <text>`

//! a failure of init itself.

use serde::Deserialize;

use std::ffi::CString;

use std::io::{Read, Write};

use std::os::fd::FromRawFd;

use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

#[derive(Deserialize)]

struct JobSpec {

    argv: Vec<String>,

    env: Vec<(String, String)>,

}

const PATH: &str = "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin";

fn main() {

    let console = Arc::new(Mutex::new(std::io::stdout()));

    let code = match run(&console) {

        Ok(code) => code,

        Err(e) => {

            frame(&console, b'F', e.as_bytes());

            125

        }

    };

    frame(&console, b'X', code.to_string().as_bytes());

    unsafe {

        libc::sync();

        // Firecracker ends the VM when the guest reboots (reboot=k).

        libc::reboot(libc::LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART);

    }

}

fn frame(console: &Mutex<std::io::Stdout>, kind: u8, text: &[u8]) {

    let mut out = console.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());

    let mut line = Vec::with_capacity(text.len() + 4);

    line.extend_from_slice(&[0x1e, kind, b' ']);

    line.extend_from_slice(text);

    line.push(b'\n');

    let _ = out.write_all(&line);

    let _ = out.flush();

}

fn cstr(s: &str) -> Result<CString, String> {

    CString::new(s).map_err(|_| format!("{s:?} contains NUL"))

}

fn mount(src: &str, target: &str, fstype: &str, flags: libc::c_ulong, data: &str) -> Result<(), String> {

    let (s, t, f, d) = (cstr(src)?, cstr(target)?, cstr(fstype)?, cstr(data)?);

    let rc = unsafe { libc::mount(s.as_ptr(), t.as_ptr(), f.as_ptr(), flags, d.as_ptr() as *const libc::c_void) };

    if rc != 0 {

        return Err(format!("mount {src} on {target}: {}", std::io::Error::last_os_error()));

    }

    Ok(())

}

fn run(console: &Arc<Mutex<std::io::Stdout>>) -> Result<i32, String> {

    let job: JobSpec = serde_json::from_slice(&std::fs::read("/job.json").map_err(|e| format!("read /job.json: {e}"))?)

        .map_err(|e| format!("parse /job.json: {e}"))?;

    if job.argv.is_empty() {

        return Err("empty argv".into());

    }

    let nosuid = libc::MS_NOSUID | libc::MS_NODEV;

    std::fs::create_dir_all("/dev").ok();

    mount("devtmpfs", "/dev", "devtmpfs", libc::MS_NOSUID, "")?;

    std::fs::create_dir_all("/newroot").map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;

    mount("/dev/vda", "/newroot", "ext4", libc::MS_RDONLY | libc::MS_NODEV, "")?;

    mount("/dev/vdb", "/newroot/src", "ext4", nosuid, "")?;

    mount("tmpfs", "/newroot/tmp", "tmpfs", nosuid, "mode=1777")?;

    mount("proc", "/newroot/proc", "proc", nosuid | libc::MS_NOEXEC, "")?;

    mount("devtmpfs", "/newroot/dev", "devtmpfs", libc::MS_NOSUID, "")?;

    if std::path::Path::new("/newroot/run").is_dir() {

        mount("tmpfs", "/newroot/run", "tmpfs", nosuid, "mode=755")?;

    }

    // The job runs as whoever owns the workspace (the host's builder), never root.

    let (uid, gid) = {

        let mut st: libc::stat = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };

        let p = cstr("/newroot/src")?;

        if unsafe { libc::stat(p.as_ptr(), &mut st) } != 0 {

            return Err("stat /src".into());

        }

        if st.st_uid == 0 {

            (1000, 1000)

        } else {

            (st.st_uid, st.st_gid)

        }

    };

    let root = cstr("/newroot")?;

    if unsafe { libc::chroot(root.as_ptr()) } != 0 || std::env::set_current_dir("/src").is_err() {

        return Err(format!("enter the rootfs: {}", std::io::Error::last_os_error()));

    }

    let argv: Vec<CString> = job.argv.iter().map(|a| cstr(a)).collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;

    let mut env: Vec<CString> = vec![cstr(&format!("PATH={PATH}"))?, cstr("HOME=/tmp")?];

    for (k, v) in &job.env {

        env.push(cstr(&format!("{k}={v}"))?);

    }

    let mut out = [0; 2];

    let mut err = [0; 2];

    if unsafe { libc::pipe2(out.as_mut_ptr(), libc::O_CLOEXEC) } != 0 || unsafe { libc::pipe2(err.as_mut_ptr(), libc::O_CLOEXEC) } != 0 {

        return Err("pipe".into());

    }

    let pid = unsafe { libc::fork() };

    if pid < 0 {

        return Err("fork".into());

    }

    if pid == 0 {

        // Child: no way back to root, then the program itself (execvpe: no shell).

        unsafe {

            let null = libc::open(c"/dev/null".as_ptr(), libc::O_RDONLY);

            libc::dup2(null, 0);

            libc::dup2(out[1], 1);

            libc::dup2(err[1], 2);

            libc::setsid();

            if libc::setgroups(0, std::ptr::null()) != 0 || libc::setgid(gid) != 0 || libc::setuid(uid) != 0 {

                libc::_exit(126);

            }

            let mut a: Vec<*const libc::c_char> = argv.iter().map(|c| c.as_ptr()).collect();

            a.push(std::ptr::null());

            let mut e: Vec<*const libc::c_char> = env.iter().map(|c| c.as_ptr()).collect();

            e.push(std::ptr::null());

            libc::execvpe(a[0], a.as_ptr(), e.as_ptr());

            let msg = format!("flow: cannot run {:?}: {}\n", job.argv[0], std::io::Error::last_os_error());

            libc::write(2, msg.as_ptr() as *const libc::c_void, msg.len());

            libc::_exit(127);

        }

    }

    unsafe {

        libc::close(out[1]);

        libc::close(err[1]);

    }

    let readers: Vec<_> = [(out[0], b'O'), (err[0], b'E')]

        .into_iter()

        .map(|(fd, kind)| {

            let console = console.clone();

            std::thread::spawn(move || pump(unsafe { std::fs::File::from_raw_fd(fd) }, kind, &console))

        })

        .collect();

    let mut status = 0;

    // Reap everything (we are PID 1) until the job itself exits.

    loop {

        let r = unsafe { libc::waitpid(-1, &mut status, 0) };

        if r == pid || r < 0 {

            break;

        }

    }

    for r in readers {

        let _ = r.join();

    }

    Ok(if libc::WIFEXITED(status) { libc::WEXITSTATUS(status) } else { 128 + libc::WTERMSIG(status) })

}

/// Frame a stream line by line; a long line is cut at 16 KiB.

fn pump(mut f: std::fs::File, kind: u8, console: &Mutex<std::io::Stdout>) {

    let mut buf = [0u8; 8192];

    let mut line: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();

    loop {

        let n = match f.read(&mut buf) {

            Ok(0) | Err(_) => break,

            Ok(n) => n,

        };

        for &b in &buf[..n] {

            if b == b'\n' || line.len() >= 16 * 1024 {

                frame(console, kind, &line);

                line.clear();

                if b == b'\n' {

                    continue;

                }

            }

            line.push(b);

        }

    }

    if !line.is_empty() {

        frame(console, kind, &line);

    }

}