//! Identifiers (spec §9.4): ULIDs, 26 characters of Crockford base32, time

//! ordered and globally unique, so an id made on one machine merges into a

//! hub without renaming.

use rand::RngCore;

const CROCKFORD: &[u8; 32] = b"0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ";

/// A new ULID for the current time.

pub fn ulid() -> String {

    let mut r = [0u8; 16];

    rand::rngs::OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut r);

    ulid_from(now_ms(), u128::from_be_bytes(r))

}

/// A ULID from a millisecond time and 80 bits taken from `random`.

pub fn ulid_from(ms: u64, random: u128) -> String {

    let v: u128 = ((ms as u128 & ((1 << 48) - 1)) << 80) | (random & ((1u128 << 80) - 1));

    (0..26).map(|i| CROCKFORD[((v >> (125 - 5 * i)) & 31) as usize] as char).collect()

}

/// Milliseconds since the Unix epoch.

pub fn now_ms() -> u64 {

    std::time::SystemTime::now().duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH).map(|d| d.as_millis() as u64).unwrap_or(0)

}

/// A time as people and models read it: `2026-11-02 21:43Z`, UTC.

pub fn format_time(ms: u64) -> String {

    let secs = (ms / 1000) as i64;

    let days = secs.div_euclid(86_400);

    let rem = secs.rem_euclid(86_400);

    // Civil from days (Howard Hinnant).

    let z = days + 719_468;

    let era = z.div_euclid(146_097);

    let doe = z - era * 146_097;

    let yoe = (doe - doe / 1460 + doe / 36_524 - doe / 146_096) / 365;

    let doy = doe - (365 * yoe + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100);

    let mp = (5 * doy + 2) / 153;

    let d = doy - (153 * mp + 2) / 5 + 1;

    let m = if mp < 10 { mp + 3 } else { mp - 9 };

    let y = yoe + era * 400 + if m <= 2 { 1 } else { 0 };

    format!("{y:04}-{m:02}-{d:02} {:02}:{:02}Z", rem / 3600, (rem % 3600) / 60)

}

#[cfg(test)]

mod tests {

    use super::*;

    #[test]

    fn ulids_are_26_chars_and_sort_by_time() {

        let a = ulid_from(1_000, 5);

        let b = ulid_from(2_000, 0);

        assert_eq!(a.len(), 26);

        assert!(a < b);

        assert_eq!(ulid_from(0, 0), "00000000000000000000000000");

        assert_ne!(ulid(), ulid());

        assert_eq!(format_time(1_793_655_780_000), "2026-11-02 21:43Z");

    }

}